Metabolic

Peptides investigated for effects on metabolism, energy, and body composition. 18 profiles.

1. PT-141

   PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a synthetic peptide that acts on melanocortin receptors. It was developed from the tanning peptide Melanotan II and has been studied for sexual dysfunction.

2. Melanotan II

   Melanotan II is a synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone. It was developed for research into tanning, sexual function, and appetite regulation.

3. AOD-9604

   AOD-9604 is a modified fragment of human growth hormone (amino acids 176-191) that has been studied for its effects on fat metabolism without the growth-promoting effects of full GH.

4. Tesamorelin

   Tesamorelin is a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analog. It is FDA-approved for reducing excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy.

5. MOTS-c

   MOTS-c is a mitochondria-derived peptide that plays a role in metabolic homeostasis. It is encoded in the mitochondrial genome and affects insulin sensitivity and cellular metabolism.

6. Kisspeptin

   Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that plays a central role in regulating the reproductive hormone axis. It is the endogenous ligand for the GPR54 receptor.

7. Semaglutide (GLP-1)

   Semaglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonist that mimics the incretin hormone GLP-1, regulating blood glucose levels, appetite, and body weight through multiple metabolic pathways.

8. Liraglutide (GLP-1)

   Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist with 97% amino acid sequence homology to native GLP-1, modified with a palmitic acid chain for extended duration of action, used in research for diabetes and obesity.

9. Teduglutide (GLP-2)

   Teduglutide is a GLP-2 (glucagon-like peptide-2) analog that promotes intestinal mucosal growth and function, FDA-approved for short bowel syndrome research and treatment.

10. Tirzepatide (GLP-1/GIP)

    Tirzepatide is a first-in-class dual GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and GLP-1 receptor agonist, providing synergistic metabolic effects for diabetes and obesity research.

11. Retatrutide (Triple Agonist)

    Retatrutide is a first-in-class triple hormone receptor agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously, producing the most profound metabolic effects seen in obesity research to date.

12. Orforglipron

    Orforglipron is an oral, non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly and approved by the FDA in April 2026 as Foundayo for chronic weight management. It enables once-daily oral dosing of a small molecule that mimics incretin hormone activity, without the food and water restrictions of oral peptide GLP-1 drugs.

13. Survodutide

    Survodutide is a dual glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand Pharma, investigated for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).

14. Cagrilintide

    Cagrilintide is a long-acting acylated amylin analog developed by Novo Nordisk, designed for once-weekly subcutaneous administration and studied both as monotherapy and in combination with semaglutide (CagriSema) for obesity and type 2 diabetes management.

15. Mazdutide

    Mazdutide is a dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist based on an oxyntomodulin analog, developed by Innovent Biologics in partnership with Eli Lilly, and the first drug of its class to receive regulatory acceptance for obesity in China.

16. Pramlintide

    Pramlintide is a synthetic analog of the pancreatic hormone amylin, originally FDA-approved in 2005 as adjunctive therapy to mealtime insulin for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Note: All Symlin formulations were discontinued from the US market in 2025 (NDA 021332).

17. CagriSema

    CagriSema is an investigational fixed-dose combination of cagrilintide, a long-acting amylin analog, and semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, co-administered once weekly and studied in Phase 3 trials for obesity and type 2 diabetes.

18. Melanotan I (Afamelanotide)

    Melanotan I (afamelanotide) is a linear alpha-MSH analog with predominant melanocortin-1 receptor activity, FDA-approved in 2019 as Scenesse, a 16 mg subcutaneous implant, to increase pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria.

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